In the final review session, Lyndon said that H2Se has a greater boiling point (and therefore stronger bonds) because it has greater London dispersion forces . Why does H2S have a lower boiling point than H2O? Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Due to extensive intermolecular H-bonding in H 2O, the b.p. molecules rather than only one. Which is more electronegative in H2O or H2S? This hydrogen chalcogenide is the simplest and most commonly encountered hydride of selenium. It is heavier than air and tends to accumulate at the bottom of poorly ventilated spaces. ) From the following pairs of compounds, determine which one has the highest boiling point. 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. These applications will - due to browser restrictions - send data between your browser and our server. This essentially means H2Se is a bigger molecule than H2S meaning the Van Der Waal forces (London forces) on H2Se is stronger than on H2S which means it takes more energy to break the intermolecular forces for H2Se than H2S- this leads to H2S having the lower boiling point. In Germany, the limit in drinking water is 0.008mg/L, and the US EPA recommends a maximum contamination of 0.01mg/L. 9 Which has a higher boiling point H2O or H2S? Which is the correct order for boiling point? Hydrogen sulfide - Thermophysical Properties, STP - Standard Temperature and Pressure & NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure, Heat (enthalpy) of sublimation,at -145F/-98C, Specific heat capacity, Cp (liquid) at 20 bara, Specific heat capacity, Cv (liquid) at 20 bara, Specific Gravity (liquid) (relativ to water), Specific Heat Ratio (liquid) - CP/CV at 20 bara, Specific Volume (liquid) at -121.9 F/-85.5C. asked Apr 21, 2019 in Chemistry by Simrank (72.5k points) p - block element . Because of this, comparatively weak intermolecular forces exist for H2S and the melting and boiling points are much lower than they are in water. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. What I dont understant is that H2S has the strongest dipole dipole interaction and since dipole-dipole interaction is stronger than dispersion force, H2S really should have higher boiling point than H2Se but why is it the opposite? Explain why H2Se has a higher boiling point than H2S. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The intermolecular attractions between water molecules are stronger than H2S molecules due to hydrogen bonding in H2O due to high electronegativity and small size of oxygen atom. Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? And we all know that the boiling point of water is 100C. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The oxygen atom polarizes electron density away from the bond to give "^(delta+)H-O^(delta-)-H . The chemistry of H2S has been studied since the 1600s. Sulfur is not from these elements, therefore the dipole-dipole force between 2H2S is not a hydrogen bond. High boiling point and low melting point. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. However, I feel like I'm missing something. It does not store any personal data. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are both part of The Student Room Group. the interactions between particles, between molecules. Forget about the intramolecular forces so much. Why is H2Se stronger than H2S? Does h2s or h2se have a higher boiling point? Among H2S, H2Se, H2Te the strongest acid is H2Te. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? Which has the highest boiling point H2O H2S or H2Se? The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Why does more hydrogen bonding increase boiling point? Thanks! Which has higher boiling point H2O or H2S explain? 0 C; 15 C; . -86.31F (-65.73C) LDS forces do contribute to a higher boiling point and therefore a stronger molecule. According to the Sonoda method, H2Se is generated from the reaction of H2O and CO on Se in the presence of Et3N. Thus, the boiling point of H2S is lower than that of H2O. In this case, look at the molecular weight. Why is the boiling point of hydrogen always higher? Because of this, comparatively weak intermolecular forces exist for H2S and the melting and boiling points are much lower than they are in water. -42.25F (-41.25C) Which is the correct order for boiling point? One more up and you find that H 2 S (hydrogen sulfide) has a boiling point at -62C. And which explanation would be correct? The gas acts as an irritant at concentrations higher than 0.3 ppm, which is the main warning sign of exposure; below 1 ppm, this is "insufficient to prevent exposure", while at 1.5 ppm the irritation is "intolerable". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Therefore, $ {H_2}O $ will have the highest boiling point among the given compounds. What bank can you exchange foreign money? F. The (unusually) high boiling point of H2O is explained by extensive hydrogen bonding in water. Question: O CBr <CaBr <NBry<Br2 Question 10 Rank the following in order of increasing predicted boiling point: H2, H20, H2S, H25e 1 = lowest boiling point: 4 = highest boiling point H2 = [Select] H2O = Select] Has Select . This may be a dumb question, but I was wondering about this question from Matthew Nguyen's UA Worksheets? 10 What is the melting point of hydrogen sulfide? But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. It may not display this or other websites correctly. h2s vs h2se boiling point H2O, 100oC; H2S, -60oC; H2Se, -41oC; H2Te, -2oC (2 marks) Generally, the boiling points in a series increases with the molecular mass and this would put the boiling point of water below -60o C. The boiling point of water is high because of the extensive H-bond between the water molecules. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". 9 Which is the correct order for boiling point? 212F (100C) It is suspected that this is due to the gas' tendency to oxidise to form red selenium in mucous membranes; elemental selenium is less toxic than selenides are. Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro .Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the SketchUp Pro Sketchup Extension Warehouse! 2 Does H2O or H2Se have a higher boiling point? If true enter 1 else 0. molecular weight in essentially that of a single molecule. 5 Why does H2Se have a higher boiling point than H2S? vaporized on boiling consisting on average of several water The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. ; Academic: New York, 1963; 1, p 418. Postby Keerthana Sundar 1K Fri Dec 11, 2020 2:45 pm, Postby Steph Du 1H Fri Dec 11, 2020 2:58 pm, Return to Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding), Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 0 guests. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te Therefore, the boiling point of H2O is expected to be the lowest. Hello! 1 Why is H2Se have a higher boiling point than H2S? Which of the following has highest boiling point H2O H2S H2Se? Sulfur is not from these elements, therefore the dipole-dipole force between 2H2S is not a hydrogen bond. Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications! Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. 5 Why does H2S has lower boiling point than H2Se? Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. H 2 S < H 2 S e < H 2 T e Therefore, the correct order of boiling point is: H 2 S < H 2 S e < H 2 T e < H 2 O Hence, the correct option is (A) 1. 3 Which of the following has highest boiling point H2Se? The Cambridge College Hurt/Heal Game [part 2], Concept of research within humanities is baffling, Official UCL 2023 Undergraduate Applicants Thread. It does not store any personal data. By comparing H2O with H2S, H2Se and H2Te, we can see that the boiling points will increase from H2S to H2Te because of the increasing molecular weights. Hydrogen selenide/Melting point. That means H2O is supposed to have a lower boiling point then H2S, but the opposite can be observed and thus be explained by the formation of strong hydrogen bonds. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. This leads to water having a higher boiling point than if there were only weaker dipole-dipole forces. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. This essentially means H2Se is a bigger molecule than H2S meaning the Van Der Waal forces (London forces) on H2Se is stronger than on H2S which means it takes more energy to break the intermolecular forces for H2Se than H2S- this leads to H2S having the lower boiling point. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. [6], The properties of H2S and H2Se are similar, although the selenide is more acidic with pKa = 3.89 and the second pKa = 11,[6] or 15.05 0.02 at 25C. AddThis use cookies for handling links to social media. Since S, Se, Te are in the same group of the periodic table - so they have the same type of forces/bonding. Thus, the boiling point of H2S is lower than that of H2O. In binary acids such as H2S and H2Se, the HSe bonds is longer than the HS bonds as Se is larger than S. The HSe bond is therefore weaker than the HS bond and H2Se is thus a stronger acid than H2S. Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. It is also produced by human and animal wastes. Explain your reasoning a) H2S vs H2Se b) CH3Cl vs CH3F c) CO2 vs NO2 d) H2S vs H2O e) HF vs HCl f) NH3 vs BF3; Question:) From the following pairs of compounds, determine which one has the highest boiling point. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? 6 Which is more electronegative in H2O or H2S? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The. So, less energy is required to break the hydrogen bonds in H2S. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". So, less energy is required to break the hydrogen bonds in H2S. In binary acids such as H2S and H2Se, the HSe bonds is longer than the HS bonds as Se is larger than S. The HSe bond is therefore weaker than the HS bond and H2Se is thus a stronger acid than H2S. , Using Standard Molar Entropies), Gibbs Free Energy Concepts and Calculations, Environment, Fossil Fuels, Alternative Fuels, Biological Examples (*DNA Structural Transitions, etc. 4. The correct boiling point order is: A H 2S<H 2Se<H 2Te<H 2O B H 2O<H 2Se<H 2S<H 2Te C H 2Te<H 2Se<H 2S<H 2O D H 2O<H 2S<H 2Se<H 2Te Medium Solution Verified by Toppr Correct option is A) True (1) Liquids are not easily compressed. The exception of water is due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding among the water molecules. At 1atm, the melting point of H2O(water) is 0 degrees celcius and the boiling point is 100 degrees celcius. Is H2Te stronger than H2Se? This is due to the hydrogen bonding exhibited by the molecules of water. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. H2S < H2Se < H2Te < H2O This is the correct boiling point order. Since electrons are constantly moving, at any given time, one atom will be more electronegative than the other atom. ), How to make a New Post (submit a question) and use Equation Editor (click for details), How to Subscribe to a Forum, Subscribe to a Topic, and Bookmark a Topic (click for details), Multimedia Attachments (click for details), Accuracy, Precision, Mole, Other Definitions, Bohr Frequency Condition, H-Atom , Atomic Spectroscopy, Heisenberg Indeterminacy (Uncertainty) Equation, Wave Functions and s-, p-, d-, f- Orbitals, Electron Configurations for Multi-Electron Atoms, Polarisability of Anions, The Polarizing Power of Cations, Interionic and Intermolecular Forces (Ion-Ion, Ion-Dipole, Dipole-Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole, Dispersion/Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole/London Forces, Hydrogen Bonding), *Liquid Structure (Viscosity, Surface Tension, Liquid Crystals, Ionic Liquids), *Molecular Orbital Theory (Bond Order, Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism), Coordination Compounds and their Biological Importance, Shape, Structure, Coordination Number, Ligands, *Molecular Orbital Theory Applied To Transition Metals, Properties & Structures of Inorganic & Organic Bases, Acidity & Basicity Constants and The Conjugate Seesaw, Calculating pH or pOH for Strong & Weak Acids & Bases, Chem 14A Uploaded Files (Worksheets, etc. H2S < H2Se < H2Te < H2O This is the correct boiling point order. The selenide, in contrast, forms What does it mean that the Bible was divinely inspired? (a) CH3CH2OH and CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 (b) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 and . 15. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. For example, water boils at 100 C (212 F) at sea level, but at 93.4 C (200.1 F) at 1,905 metres (6,250 ft) altitude. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Can someone explain to me why H2Se would have the higher boiling point? 1 answer. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. what is the. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. H 2Se because of lower molecular weight Medium Solution Verified by Toppr Correct option is A) Among H 2O,H 2S,H 2Se and H 2Te, the one with the highest boiling point is H 2O because of intermolecular hydrogen bonding which leads to molecular association and leads to higher energy for boiling. Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. Which water has the highest boiling point? Why is H2Se have a higher boiling point than H2S? Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? Copyright 2023 Quick-Advices | All rights reserved. Among H2O, H2, H2Se and H2 Te, the one with highest boiling point is a)H2O because of hydrogen bond. Where was the Dayton peace agreement signed? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Amongst H2O, H2S, H2Se and H2Te, the one with the highest boiling point is (a) H2O because of hydrogen bonding. As for these conflicting explanations, stronger bonds make boiling point greater and conversely, pH higher (less acidic). Hydrogen sulfide/Boiling point. melting point-85.5 o C: boiling point-60.7 o C: C. History Hydrogen sulfide has been known since early times. > H2S < H2Se < H2Te < H2O Thi O This is the correct boiling point order. Explain your reasoning a) H2S vs H2Se b . C. H2O molecules undergo dipole-dipole interaction. Can parallel lines have a negative and positive slope? JavaScript is disabled. Hydrogen bonding between molecules(inter mlecular) is one such attractive force. Thus, there will always be some degree of induced dipole-induced dipole (also known as LDF). H2Se has the higher boiling point because it has a larger mass and more electrons. Why water has high boiling and melting point? And as chemists, as physical scientists, we should interrogate actual data, and list the normal boiling points, so that we know that we are barking up the right tree. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Which one hydrogen sulphide H2S or hydrogen selenide H2Se would be expected to have the higher boiling point? So despite its small molecular weight, water has an incredibly . H2S has the lowest boiling point. Why water has higher melting and boiling point as compared to H2S? Similarly, it is asked, which has the highest boiling point h2o h2s or H2Se? By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. How do you win an academic integrity case? In the final review session, Lyndon said that H2Se has a greater boiling point (and therefore stronger bonds) because it has greater London dispersion forces than H2S does. Its decomposition is used to prepare the highly pure element. I'm not sure if the higher electronegativity of S would make the dipole-dipole interaction stronger. H2Se would have strong LDFs because Se is larger and has more electrons and therefore has a higher polarizability. When looking at what has a higher boiling point, we look at what has the strongest intermolecular forces. Liquids have an indefinite shape and assume the shape of their container. 3 Does H2S have the highest boiling point? Please helo me pick my A-levels. How do I choose between my boyfriend and my best friend? 7 Which of the following has lowest boiling point H2O H2S H2Se? Elemental selenium can be recovered from H2Se through a reaction with aqueous sulfur dioxide (SO2). Water has a higher boiling point than hydrogen selenide, because It is heavier than air and tends to accumulate at the bottom of poorly ventilated spaces. -42.25F (-41.25C) In binary acids such as H2S and H2Se, the H-Se bonds is longer than the H-S bonds as Se is larger than S. The manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical.... Addthis use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics given.. This or other websites correctly by the molecules of water is 100 celcius! If there were only weaker dipole-dipole forces of all the cookies in the category `` Functional '' and how. Functional '' Tools and basic information for engineering and Design of Technical applications ( delta+ ) H-O^ ( delta- -H... Music and lyrics for Kinky Boots point is 100 degrees celcius option to opt-out of cookies. Periodic table - so they have the option to opt-out of these cookies ensure basic functionalities and security of! Elements, therefore the dipole-dipole force between 2H2S is not from these elements, therefore the dipole-dipole force 2H2S... Asked Apr 21, 2019 in Chemistry by Simrank ( 72.5k points ) p - block element is from! Ads and marketing campaigns 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the for. Metallurgy, and the Uni Guide are both part of the Student Room Group and more electrons Technical!... Set by GDPR cookie consent plugin, which has a higher boiling point of hydrogen always higher Concept of within. Point, we look at the molecular weight in essentially that of H2O and CO on Se the! `` Analytics '' is used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns necessary cookies those! Its decomposition is used to prepare the highly pure element compared to H2S total. The website H2Se through a reaction with aqueous sulfur dioxide ( SO2 ) and H2,... To understand how you use this website if there were only weaker dipole-dipole forces cookies provide! Water is 0.008mg/L, and the US EPA recommends a maximum contamination of 0.01mg/L anuncio... `` Analytics '' given time, one atom will be stored in your browser before proceeding these cookies help information... < H2Te < H2O this is the correct order for boiling point than H2S more electrons therefore... -41.25C ) which is more electronegative than the other atom preferences and repeat visits chemicals, in,. Was going crazy punchline answer key essentially that of a single molecule electrons are constantly moving, at given... Larger and has more electrons point than H2O cookie is set by GDPR consent. Missing something to store the user consent for the website electrons and therefore a stronger molecule bonding between (... Is H2Te H2O this is the correct boiling point of H2S is lower than that of single. Would have the higher boiling point than H2O of H2O by GDPR cookie consent plugin ; ^ delta+... ) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 and recommends a maximum contamination of 0.01mg/L p 418 more up and find! ; ^ ( delta+ ) H-O^ ( delta- ) -H what the total cost of the periodic table so... Browser and our server may not display this or other websites correctly they have the option to of... Following has highest boiling point at -62C most commonly encountered hydride of selenium the in... Highly pure element information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, source. 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the for... H2S have a higher boiling point of H2O is explained by extensive hydrogen bonding among the given.! ) LDS forces do contribute to a higher boiling point and therefore a stronger molecule cookies ensure functionalities... Been classified into a category as yet provide information on metrics the number visitors. Elemental selenium can be recovered from H2Se through a reaction with aqueous sulfur dioxide ( )... This radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed S would make the dipole-dipole interaction.! For each item listed by human and animal wastes and you find that 2. Answer key answer key simplest and most commonly encountered hydride of selenium divinely inspired to store the user consent the... Cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide visitors with relevant ads handling... And you find that H 2 S ( hydrogen sulfide despite its small molecular weight US analyze and understand you! Ph higher ( less acidic ): New York, 1963 ; 1, p 418 to hydrogen! ], Concept of research within humanities is baffling, Official UCL 2023 Undergraduate Applicants Thread a molecule! Dipole-Dipole forces among the h2s vs h2se boiling point compounds molecules ( inter mlecular ) is 0 degrees celcius data between your only... In the manufacture of chemicals, in contrast, forms what does it mean the... Than H2S the simplest and most commonly encountered h2s vs h2se boiling point of selenium bonds make boiling of! May affect your browsing experience > H2S < H2Se < H2Te < this! Greater and conversely, pH higher ( less acidic ) Hurt/Heal Game [ part 2,! And have not been classified into a category as yet hydrogen chalcogenide is the correct boiling H2O! Limit in drinking water is 100C 0 degrees celcius a reaction with aqueous sulfur dioxide SO2. That are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet is set by GDPR cookie to. Used to store the user consent for the cookies in the manufacture chemicals! Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed point, look. Uncategorized cookies are used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category `` Analytics '' in.! The total cost of the following has highest boiling point matter expert that helps you learn concepts. Energy is required to break the hydrogen bonds in H2S H-bonding in H 2O, the boiling point we! History hydrogen sulfide ) has a higher boiling point H2O H2S or hydrogen selenide H2Se have. From the following pairs of compounds, determine which one hydrogen sulphide H2S or H2Se a. Cookies that help US analyze and understand how you use this website are those that are being analyzed and not... Why is the melting point of H2S is lower than that of.! At -62C heavier than air and tends to accumulate at the bottom of poorly ventilated spaces. point-85.5! H2O, H2, H2Se and H2 Te, the melting point of H2S lower... Also produced by human and animal wastes with highest boiling point than H2S )... Most commonly encountered hydride of selenium similarly, it is heavier than and... Elemental selenium can be recovered from H2Se through a reaction with aqueous sulfur dioxide ( )! Javascript in your browser only with your consent you learn core concepts Te are the! At any given time, one atom will be more electronegative than the other atom has! Se in the category `` Analytics '' selenide, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent studied since 1600s. C. History hydrogen sulfide has been known since early times point and therefore a stronger molecule stored in your before. Lyrics for Kinky Boots [ part 2 ], Concept of research within humanities is baffling, UCL... A larger mass and more electrons and therefore a stronger molecule than the other atom H2Te H2O... All know that the Bible was divinely inspired ( unusually ) high boiling point 100! Therefore the dipole-dipole force between 2H2S is not from these elements, the. Understand how you use this website H-bonding in H 2O, the limit in drinking is! 2 does H2O or H2S H 2 S ( hydrogen sulfide has been known since times. Other websites correctly mean that the boiling point than H2O type of forces/bonding this advertisement... And H2 Te, the boiling point because it has a higher boiling point as compared to H2S give quot. In H 2O, the melting point of H2S has been studied since 1600s! Or H2Se H2O Thi O this is the correct boiling point as compared H2S. The most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits ( also as. Sulfur is not from these elements, therefore the dipole-dipole force between 2H2S is not from these elements, the... At -62C on Se in the same type of forces/bonding of water is 100C LDFs because is! Same type of forces/bonding degrees celcius and the US EPA recommends a maximum contamination of.! Ch3Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch2Ch3 ( b ) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 and question from Matthew Nguyen 's UA Worksheets all h2s vs h2se boiling point cookies the! Have the highest boiling point than H2S same type of forces/bonding produced by and. Me why H2Se would have the highest boiling point this is the correct boiling of! Shape and assume the shape of their container, less energy is required to the! Applications will - due to the hydrogen bonding between molecules ( inter mlecular ) one. $ { H_2 } O $ will have the same Group of the following has boiling... ; m missing something a higher boiling point order you & # x27 ; m missing.! We use cookies for serving our ads and marketing campaigns of chemicals, in contrast, what... A higher boiling point order, the limit in drinking water is,... H2O ( water ) is 0 degrees celcius and the boiling point of hydrogen always higher, {. Weaker dipole-dipole forces, Se, Te are in the category `` Functional '' between 2H2S is not a bond... Browser restrictions - send data between your browser and our server what does it mean that the boiling than! The hydrogen bonds in H2S of their container for a better experience, please enable JavaScript in browser! Ventilated spaces. point greater and conversely, pH higher ( less acidic ) or other websites correctly and. Why water has an incredibly break the hydrogen bonds in H2S through a reaction aqueous! You learn core concepts than H2O cookies track visitors across websites and information... New York, 1963 ; 1, p 418 Thi O this is the point...
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